| 1 | ETHANE | Specification
Molecular formula C2H6
Molar mass 30.07g / mol
Appearance Colorless Gas
Density 1.282Kg / m3 (Gas 15 ̊C 1 atm)
546.49Kg / m3 (Liquid at b.p.1 atm)
Product Melting point -181.76 ̊ C (89.34K) Welding temperature -89 ̊ C (184K)
Solubility in water Very Low
Acidic (pKa) | After methane, ethane is the second largest natural gas. Natural gas from different gas fields in ethane content varies from less than 1% to more than 6% by volume. Prior to the 1960s, ethane was not normally separated from the methane component of natural gas, but was simply incinerated with methane as a fuel. Today, however, ethane is an important petrochemical raw material, and it is isolated from other natural gas components in a well-developed gas field. Ethane can also be separated from gas, a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons that is considered a by-product of oil refining. | The major use of ethane in the chemical industry is in the production of ethylene (ethylene) by molecular fission with the help of steam. When heated with dilute steam, in short, to very high temperatures (900 ° C or higher), heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into lighter hydrocarbons, and saturated hydrocarbons. In the method of producing ethylene from ethane by steam molecular fission, ethane is relatively selective for ethylene, while molecular fission with heavier hydrocarbons yields a poor product mixture in ethylene, and richer in heavier alkenes (olefins) such as Propene (propylene) and butadiene, and in aromatic hydrocarbons.
Ethane can be used as a refrigerant in refrigeration systems. |
| 2 | PROPANE/(LPG)PROPANE | Specification
Molecular formula C3H8
Molly mass 44.0956
Colorless gas appearance
Odorless smell
Density 2.0098 mg / mL (at 0.C, 101.3kPa)
Melting point -187.7 ,C, -305.8 ̊F, 85.5K
Welding temperature -42.25 to -42.04 ̊C, -44.05 to -43.67 ̊F, 230.9 to 231.11K
Solubility in water 40 mg / L (at 0 ̊C)
Log p 2.236
Vapor pressure energy content 853.16kPa (at 21.1 (C (70 ̊F)) | Propane (/ proʊpeɪn /) is a tri-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8, a gas at standard pressure and temperature, but condensed and transported as a liquid. One product is natural gas processing and oil refining, which is commonly used as fuel for engines, oxidized gas burners, portable gas, and residential central heating. Propane is a member of the liquefied petroleum gas (LP) group. Other members of the liquefied petroleum gas group include butane, propylene, butadiene, butylene teraflate, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof.
Propane contains too much propene (also called propylene) and is suitable for most car fuels. HD-5 specification that produces a maximum concentration of 5% propane in propane. Specifications of propane and other LP gas are established in ASTM D-1835 standard. Propane almost always contains fragrant ethanethiol, so that people can easily smell gas in the event of a leak. Propane as HD-5 was originally intended for use as automotive fuel. HD-5 is currently used in all propane applications. | Propane is used as a raw material for the production of petrochemical products.
Primary flammable propane is hard in welding lights for hard work.
Propane is the primary fuel for hot air balloons. |
| 3 | Carbon Black | This soft and fine material has a diameter of about 100 to 1000 angstroms and contains (88-99.5%) carbon, (3-11%) oxygen and (0.1-1%) hydrogen. The raw material for the production of industrial soot is mainly hydrocarbon aromatic oils, which must have special characteristics and properties. | Industrial soot under the brand name Carbon Black, a valuable black substance from the carbon family that is produced under controlled conditions and during a special process, and with its unique properties, has a special place in industry. Produces pigments, masterbatches, inks and paints, especially tires and tires.
This material, which has nanometer particles, is produced from incomplete combustion of aromatic hydrocarbons in special furnaces at a certain temperature and pressure, and is of special interest to tire manufacturers due to its properties such as flexural strength, hardness and prevention of tearing. | Applications of industrial soot
Industrial soot, which is in the form of black powder, is used to protect against light, color and increase the permeability properties.
Soot is used in the production of paints and inks as well as plastic and rubber parts and has a decisive role in quality. The consumption of this material in the production of rubber is about 25 to 30% by weight and in the paint and ink industry is about 10 to 15% by weight. |
| 4 | BUTANE | Density :KG/M3 577/762
MERCAPTAN: GR/M3 0/01
H2S NEGATIVE
C1 %VOL 0 - C2 %VOL 0 - C3 %VOL 1.7
IC4 %VOL 28.1 NC4 %VOL 67.9 IC5 %VOL 2.1
NC5 %VOL 0.2 Properties of butane gas
Physical state of gas
Molecular weight 58 ۲ 122 g / mol
Melting point -138 ٫ 29 ° C
Boiling point - 1-1 ° C
Density (gas) kg / m3 at 15 ° C 2.5436 (air = 1)
Solubility in water (mg / l) 61
Color (transparency) colorless
The smell of gasoline
Degree of toxicity
Extremely flammable ignition range
UN number 1011
CAS number 106-97-8 | Butane gas is a gaseous compound of natural gas such as gasoline composed of crude oil. During the refining of petroleum products such as gasoline, natural gas products are extracted, butane can also be produced in much smaller quantities from crude oil.
Butane gas is often added to regular gasoline to increase its performance without creating a highly volatile product. Butane is used in refrigeration and heating systems as well as as a fuel for lighters.
The chemical formula of butane is C4H10, which consists of four carbon atoms surrounded by ten hydrogen atoms in a straight line. This form is technically known as N-butane, which stands for Normal Butane. Bhutan also has a gas family called iso-butane. | Butane is used in calibration gas mixtures in the petrochemical industry. Industrial hygiene and impurity analysis tracking. Butane gas can be used as a gas fuel in atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Butane is used to combine gasoline. History of butane liquefied petroleum gas
Whether alone or mixed with propane, it is a raw material for the production of ethylene and butadiene, and a key element in the production of synthetic rubber. Gas manufacturers are importers of laboratory butane gas, pure butane gas. |
| 5 | (LPG)BUTANE | C2 Hydrocarbon ٪vol ASTM 0/2max D2163 C3 Hydrocarbon ٪vol * ASTM D2163
C4 Hydrocarbon ٪vol * ASTM D2163
C5 Hydrocarbon ٪vol 2max ASTM D2163
Hydrogen sulphide Negative ASTM
Mercaptan sulphur g/m3 0,23max IP,104(A)
Odorizing agent g/m3 12 | LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas. Like all fossil fuels, it is a non-renewable source of energy. It is extracted from crude oil and natural gas. LPG is composed hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms. The normal components of LPG thus, are propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Small concentrations of other hydrocarbons may also be present.
LPG burns readily in air and has an energy content similar to petrol and twice the heat energy of natural gas. This makes it an excellent fuel for heating, cooking and for automotive use.
Normally, the gas is stored in liquid form under pressure in a steel container, cylinder or tank. The pressure inside the container will depend on the type of LPG (commercial butane or commercial propane) and the outside temperature. | It has been used as a fuel for a long time.
Butane gas has a wide range of uses as fuel. For example, some forklifts provide their driving force from butane fuel.
Butane is used as a chemical in the manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals such as acetic acid, butadiene, synthetic rubbers, butanol, ethane and propylene.
Butane is used as a component in calibration gases for the gas, oil and chemical industries.
Butane is used as a standard fuel gas to calibrate burners.
Butane can be used as a refrigerant gas.
Butane is used as a liquid fuel in sprays, either in pure form or in a mixture with other hydrocarbons.
A mixture of butane and helium is used in ion particle counters. |
| 6 | PENTANE | | Pentane gas is colorless, highly flammable, and liquid at room temperature. This alkane is one of the components of some fuels and is also used as a solvent. The properties of pentane gas are very similar to butane and hexane. Pentane gas has three isomers of pentane, isopentane and neopentane. Other names for Pentane: Amyl Hydride and Skelly Solo. Hydrocarbons are usually produced in two ways: 1. Separation based on the creation of fuzzy equilibrium conditions between vapor and liquid (Flash Vaporization) and 2. Separation based on the difference in boiling point of hydrocarbons (Stabilization by Fraction). Gas condensate stabilization is performed by separating volatile elements from heavier hydrocarbons based on the fuzzy equilibrium between vapor and liquid in a series of Flash Tank to a certain RVP. In the second method, the separation of light and volatile elements from heavy hydrocarbons is based on the difference in the boiling point of hydrocarbons. Gas manufacturers are importers of laboratory pentane gas. Sell Pentane gas, Sell laboratory pentane gas, Sell high purity pentane gas, Sell Pentane gas cylinders. | Application of pentane gas
Pentane gas is one of the most volatile hydrocarbons that is liquid at room temperature. Pentane is often used as a solvent that evaporates easily. Since pentane is non-polar, only non-polar materials are dissolved in it. Pentane gas is also a common fuel component. Pentane is used as a foaming agent in the production of polystyrene foam. Pentane is also used in geothermal power units.
Safety tips for using pentane gas
Pentane does not irritate the skin in brief contact with the skin and no irritation has been observed in contact with the eyes up to 5000 ppm. But in prolonged contact with this substance, it has caused severe skin irritation. Eating this substance causes nausea and vomiting, but it is not toxic. Pentane gas is highly flammable. Pentane gas should be away from heat and sparks and its cylinder should be moved carefully. The storage place should be properly ventilated. The self-ignition temperature of pentane is 283.85 ° C. Normal decomposition of pentane results in the production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Normal pentane is a stable gas. It is highly incompatible with oxidants. It liquefies under pressure. Use foam and CO2 for fire. |
| 7 | ETHYLENE | Molecular formula: C2H4
Molar mass: 28.05 g/mol
Appearance colourless
gas Density 1.178 kg/m3 at 15 °C,
Melting point: -169.2 °C (104.0 K, -272.6 °F)
Boiling point -103.7 °C (169.5 K, -154.7 °F)
Solubility in water 3.5 mg/100 ml (17 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 44
Structure Molecular shape D2h
Dipole moment zero | Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon and is the first member of the alkene group. Its chemical formula is C2H4, and there is a double bond between two carbon atoms. Because of this double bond, the ethylene isomer has no formulation, meaning that the two halves of the molecule cannot change their formulation by rotating around the double bond. Ethylene has a flat structure, the angle between the two carbon-hydrogen bonds is 117 degrees. That is, a value closer than 120 degrees, which is suitable for sp2 hybridization. Ethylene is a colorless, flammable gas found in a combination of oil and natural gas. In 1795, ethylene was called olefin gas. The first synthesis of ethylene compounds (dichloroethane) was performed in 1795 by a Dutch chemist. In the mid-19th century, because C2H4 had a lower hydrogen than C2H5 ethyl, the suffix ene (from the Greek root) was added to the end of ethyl, henceforth called olefin gas ethylene. Until 1852, the word ethylene was used in scientific texts. In 1866, the German chemist Hoffmann based his hydrocarbon naming system on alkanes. In this system, any hydrocarbon that has two hydrogens less than the corresponding alkane is called an alkene with the formula CnH2n, and if it has four hydrogens less than the corresponding alkane, it is called a CnHn alkene. According to this name, ethylene was renamed to ethene. The International Society of Chemists coined the name IUPAC in 1892, and since then, the name has been used in scientific texts and textbooks. The molecular mass of this compound is 28.05 grams per mole and its density is 1.26 grams per liter. Its solubility is 250 mg in a liter of zero degree water. Its melting point is 41.04 Kelvin and its boiling point is 169.4 and its explosion limit is 2.7 to 36% in air. | Ethylene is an important raw material for the production of many widely used organic compounds in industry. Ethylene is widely used in the plastics industry. Ethylene polymerizes to produce polyethylene, which is a very important plastic. By repetition, it produces polyvinyl chloride (PVC) precursors. When benzene combines, it produces ethyl benzene, which is the main material of polyester. Ethylene is a plant hormone that causes fruits to ripen, flowers and blossoms to open, and leaves to fall in the fall. Due to this property, it is used in agriculture. To prevent spoilage of fruits such as apples, pears and bananas, during transportation or storage, they are picked a little immature and subjected to ethylene to ripen before entering the market. Production of polyethylene, ethylene oxide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene glycol, vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde is one of the most important applications of ethylene. |
| 8 | BENZENE | Physical and chemical properties
The shape and physical state of a colorless liquid
Melting point 5/53 ºC
Boiling point 80 ºC
Density 0/874 g / cm3
Vapor pressure 166 mmHg (37.7 ° C)
Vapor density 2/77 (vs air)
Refractive index (n20 / D) 1/501
Storage temperature 0-6 ºC
Solubility in water 0.18 g / 100mL
Viscosity 0/6076 cP (25 ° C)
CAS No. 71-43-2
Commercial Registration Number (RBN) 969212
Merck No. 14,1066 | Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6 that is classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless, toxic, carcinogenic, flammable liquid with a sweet odor that has a high evaporation rate and is responsible for the aroma around gas stations.
Synthesis of benzene
Benzene in the industry is obtained by catalytic modification. This method is a chemical process used in an oil refinery to convert crude oil into liquid products with high octane number and aromatic hydrocarbons. In this process, a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly propane and butane, is combined with hydrogen gas and then exposed to a catalyst of platinum chloride or rhenium chloride at a temperature of 500 degrees and a pressure of 8 to 50 atmospheres, in which case the aliphatic hydrocarbons of the rings Form and lose hydrogen to form aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic reaction products are separated by extraction with some solvents such as diethylene glycol and sulfolan, and benzene is separated from other aromatics by distillation. Benzene can also be made from phenol, halo benzene and benzoic acid and its salts. | Applications of benzene
It is mainly used as a raw material for the production of other chemicals such as ethylbenzene, cumin, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene and alkyl benzene. More than half of all benzene production is converted to ethylbenzene, a styrene precursor used to make polymers and plastics such as polystyrene and EPS. 20% of benzene production is used to produce cumin used for phenol production and acetone for resin and adhesives. Cyclohexane consumes 10% of the world's benzene production in the production of nylon fibers that are processed into engineering fabrics and plastics. A small amount of benzene is used to make some plastics, lubricants, paints, detergents, drugs, explosives and pesticides. Toluene is now often used as a substitute for benzene for example as a fuel additive. The properties of benzene and toluene are similar but toluene is less toxic. |
| 9 | MIXED XYLENE | Boiling point 135 ° C
melting point 47.4- ° C
Molecular Weight 106.16 g / mol
density 0.864 g / ml
viscosity 0.812 at a temperature of 25 ° C
Number of heavy atoms 24
Number of hydrogen donor bonds 0
Flash point 25 ° C
Number of acceptor hydrogen bonds 0
grade
Commercial (Grade 3)
chemical formula C6H4 (CH3) 2
Appearance Clear clear liquid | Xylene or dimethylbenzene is one of the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds to which a benzene ring with two methyl groups is attached in different positions. Xylene has three isomers of ortho, para and xylene mixtures, all of which have the molecular formula C8H10, or similarly C6H4 (CH3) 2. | Xylene is produced from the methylation of benzene and toluene. Its commercial or laboratory grade consists of 40-65% of a mixture of xylene and over 20% of ortho, para-xylene and ethylene benzene, which in the industry means the same grade of xylene mixture.
Xylene is used as a solvent. Other applications include leather, rubber and printing.
Xylene is also a good alternative to toluene where slower drying is needed. |
| 10 | PARAXYLENE | Acid Wash Color 1 Maximum Value
Benzene+
Toluene Content 0.03 %.WT Maximum Value
Color 20 APHA Pt-Co, Maximum Value
Distillation Range 140.4-136.4 ° C Maximum Value
Ethyl Benzene 0.3 %.WT Maximum Value
Meta -Xylene 0.25 %.WT Maximum Value
Non- Aromatics 0.2 %.WT Maximum Value
Ortho -Xylene 0.1 %.WT Maximum Value
Purity 99.7 %.WT Minimum Value
Specific Gravity 0.8661-0.865 At 60°F/60°F
Total chloride 1 ppm Maximum Value
Total Sulphur 1 ppm Maximum Value | Paraxylene (C8H10):
Para Xylene is a colorless liquid and an organic compound of the aromatic hydrocarbon family. After benzene, paracetamols are the most important aromatic substances. Para xylene is one of the xylene isomers in which two methyl branches are placed across each other and on atoms 1 and 4. The letter P or para indicates the location of the two methyl branches across each other on the benzene ring. Other xylene isomers include o-xylene and m-xylene. | Paracetamol is mainly used to produce DMT and PTA. This product is used in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate or PET, which is often used in the manufacture and production of polyesters, fibers, photographic film and soft drink bottles. According to the global consumption pattern, 2% paracetamol is used in the manufacture of PTA and 2% in the manufacture of DMT. The method of production of paraxylene is such that crude oil is first used to produce naphtha and during the stages of pyrolysis gasoline, from which aromatic substances are produced (pyrolysis gasoline).
Other uses:
Primary material of synthetic fibers
Terephthalic acid
Pharmaceutical industry
Insecticides
Solvents |
| 11 | HDPE-5030SA | Contamination 5
Density 0.952 g/cm³ ASTM D1505
MFI 2.2 g/10min At 2.16Kg Load ASTM D1238
Unit value of test conditions Test method
Charpy Impact Notched 15 kJ / m² ASTM D6110
Tensile Elongation at Break 1100% ASTM D638
Tensile Strength at Yield 20 MPa ASTM D638
Thermal properties
Vicat Softening Point 112 C° ASTM D1525
Whiteness Index 60 ASTM E-313
Yellow Index -1 ASTM E-313 | Polyethylene HD5030SA is a heavy-duty polyethylene (HDPE) with a 1-butene commune that is used for plastic injection applications. The 5030SA material has good impact resistance in addition to providing a glossy workpiece surface.
The density of heavy polyethylene is between 0.95 and 0.97 grams per cubic centimeter. Chains of heavy polyethylene molecules have few side branches, so it is possible for the molecular chains to come closer together and form crystals.
Heavy polyethylene has a wide variety of applications depending on the molecular weight of the polymer chain. Lower molecular weight grades are used for the injection process and are used in the production of various injection parts such as kitchen utensils and toys, etc.
Higher molecular weight grades are used to produce polymer films and pneumatic containers for packaging. Higher molecular weight grades are used to produce polyethylene pipes for cold water transport for urban and agricultural purposes. | Heavy Polyethylene Handle HD5030SA:
Polymer, thermoplastic, polyethylene, heavy-duty polyethylene (HDPE)
Features of 5030SA polyethylene:
Provides a glossy workpiece surface and good impact resistance
Application of 5030SA materials:
Inject bottles and containers |
| 12 | LD | | These products have been among the items that have been produced in the last few years, but this unit also has other license grades, but most of the products of this unit have four products mentioned. Of course, among these four products, 2420F grade is a new grade that was produced for the first time last year (1396), but 2420H and 2420D grades constitute the majority of our products.
The main feed of the LD unit is ethylene, which is received from the olefin unit. This ethylene starts its reaction by injecting a primer after the pressure in the high pressure compressor increases to 2700 times. After the polymer is produced as a melt, the polymer goes to the extruder and is granulated and stored in silos. | Production of polyethylene pipes, low volume containers, household utensils, toys, electrical and telecommunication wires, films, various car parts, sports and laboratory equipment, and industrial parts, etc. |
| 13 | PP-C30S | Density 0.9 g/cm³ ISO 1183
MFI 6 g/10min At 2.16Kg Load , 230°C ISO 1133
Flexural Modulus 1500 MPa ISO 178
Hardness Shore D 71 ISO 868
Izod Impact, Notched 4 kJ/m² at +23°C ISO 180
Tensile Elongation at Yield 13 % ISO 527
Tensile Strength at Yield 34 MPa ISO 527
Heat Deflection Temperature 112 C° At 0.46 MPa ISO 75
Oven Aging 360 h At 150°C , Air ISO 4577
Vicat Softening Point 155 C° 9.8N ISO 306 | Polypropylene is one of the most widely used and basic polymers in the world and the largest consumer of propylene. The name of this product is polypropylene (PP) and its chemical formula is -CH2-CH (CH3) n-. Polypropylene The polymerization of propylene is carried out at relatively mild temperatures and pressures in the presence of the famous Ziegler-Nata catalyst. The presence of this catalyst forms an isotactic polymer that is able to crystallize up to about 90%. Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer that is used in a wide range of applications including film and sheet, blow molding, injection molding, food packaging, textiles, laboratory and medical equipment, pipes, industrial and construction applications, and automotive components. In addition, polymers made from propylene monomer are typically resistant to chemical solvents, bases, and acids. The characteristic code of this polymer is. | Sheets, fibers, films, general purpose films, thermoforming sheets, tape yarns, ropes and strings, single-strand fibers, brush fibers
Good flowability, grid in contact with food |
| 14 | PVC | Technical characteristics of PVC
The properties of PVC are as follows:
Technical name: polyvinyl chloride
Chemical formula: C2H3CI) n)
Thermal bending temperature: 92 ° C
Melting point: 100-260 ° C
Tensile strength:
Soft PVC: 6/9 to 25 MPA
Hard PVC: 34 to 62 MPA
Relative density: 1/35 - 1/45 | Polyvinyl chloride is produced in two general forms: dry and brittle (RPVC or UPVC) or flexible plastic. Soft and flexible PVC, or ordinary PVC, actually react better to bending due to the addition of plasticizers such as phthalates (typically DINP). This type of PVC is mainly used in the construction industry to insulate electrical wires or to produce flooring for homes, schools, hospitals and all places where having a sterile environment is a top priority. Also, in some cases, this type of PVC is used as a substitute for rubber. Dry PVC is mostly used in the production of water and sewage pipes. | Compared to other polymers, it has a very high density (relative density about 1/4) and is therefore very hard and resistant to deformation.
It is readily available and therefore relatively inexpensive.
Dry PVC has a very high tensile strength.
It has very good resistance to chemicals and bases. |
| 15 | SBR | | Styrene Butadiene Rubber SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber)
Used as: Rubber (Elastomer), Thermoplastic TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer), Tire
Other names: Buna S, Ameripol Synpol, Europrene, Kralex, Polysar, Plioflex, Copo Carbomix, Nipol , Solprene
Monomer: Styrene & Butadiene
Solvent: Dimethylformamide or Dimethylformamide
Density: 0.92 _ 0.95 g / cm3 (varies depending on the percentage of styrene)
Melting point (Tm): Does not melt in the cooked state.
Glass transfer temperature (Tg): equal to -5- _13 ° C (varies depending on the percentage of styrene)
Hardness (Shore A): equal to 50 to 90
Polar or non-polar status: non-polar
Ignition features (easy detection method):
It burns in the flame and continues to burn after the flame is removed.
The yellow flame tends to be orange and makes little noise.
It has a whiteish-gray smoke with carbon particles.
It does not drip in the flame.
It smells like city gas. | Application: tires and rubber, rubber pipes and covers and hoses, wiring cables, belts and conveyors, carpet and flooring, shoe soles and heels, sponges and sponge products |
| 16 | CASTIC SODA | Name: Perk Profit
Brand: Caustic Soda
Scientific name: Sodium Hydroxide
Chemical formula: Na-OH
Melting point: 1390 ° C
Density: 2.13
Molecular weight of flake soda: 01/40
Melting point of flake soda: 12 degrees Celsius
Boiling point of caustic soda: 140 ° C
Relative density of flake soda: 53.1 (50% solution), 2 at 15.5 ° C (73% -70% solution)
Solubility of caustic soda in water: 109 g per 100 ml at 20 ° C
Highly soluble in water, alcohol, glycerin and metinol | Caustic soda (caustic soda) with the scientific name of sodium hydroxide is a chemical substance widely used in industry.
It is an odorless solid, clear white crystals, non-volatile and highly corrosive, which easily absorbs moisture from the air.
When dissolved with water, or neutralized with acid; It produces considerable heat.
Peak profit features
Perk Sood has various properties and these characteristics make this widely used material very useful in various industries.
These features include the following:
Fat on very strong
Neutralizing acidic environments
PH regulator | Perk profit expenses
Caustic soda or caustic soda is used in different industries due to different chemical properties; The applications mentioned below are part of it.
In the food industry: milk industry, canning, olive sweetening, water purification, chocolate production, cocoa and caramel production, washing vegetables and fruits, beverage production, oil refining, sugar and sugar production.
In metals and plating industries: metal, zinc, aluminum, galvanizing and plating, glass.
In the pharmaceutical industry
In the cosmetics industry
In the alcohol industry
In the battery and acid neutralizing industries
In ceramic tile industry
In the detergent and soap industries
In the paper and carton industries
In the degreasing and degreasing industries
In the textile and leather industries
In the rose dye industry
In the oil and gas and petrochemical industries
In the chemical industry
In the rayon industry
In laboratories to determine the concentration of acids in experiments
In the adhesive industry
In industries as a disinfectant
Tire resuscitation |
| 17 | VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER | Physical state of gas
Physical form of liquefied gas
The color of the colorless gas is colorless at temperatures below -14 ° C.
It smells good, sweet and like ether
PH around 7
Solubility in water is slightly soluble in water (2.72 g / l at 20 ° C)
It has very high solubility in diethyl ether and in ethanol, benzene, hydrocarbons, chlorite solution, oil and solubility in organic solvents.
Many organic liquids dissolve.
Specific weight 0.911 g / cm3 at 20 ° C
33%: UEL, 3/6% LEL
Self-ignition temperature 410 ° C
Flash point (P.F) (78 ° C)
Melting point (P.M (154 ° C)
Boiling point (P.B (13.4) degrees Celsius at 1013 hPa.
At a temperature of 20 ° C: 3330 HP, at a temperature of 38 ° C: 5700 HP, at steam pressure
Temperature 50 ° C 7560 HP, at a temperature of -30 ° C: 510 HP
Viscosity at 20 ° C 0.18 s * mPa
22 ° C in Distribut.coff.n-octanol / water (Log Pow): 1.58 | | Yenyl chloride is an intermediate and feed of polymerization reactor. In this reactor, vinyl chloride monomer is converted to PVC. Until 1974, vinyl chloride was used in sprays to monitor materials. It was also used briefly as an anesthetic. |
| 18 | ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE | Material name: ethylene dichloride
Appearance of colorless liquid
Chemical formula C2H2Cl2 | Ethylene dichloride is a colorless or yellow liquid with a faint odor similar to chloroform. Ethylene dichloride is mainly used in the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Ethylene dichloride or 1 and -2 dichloroethane is mainly used to prepare vinyl chloride monomer (raw material for PVC synthesis). With the increasing production of polyvinyl chloride polymers, vinyl chloride monomer (and consequently ethylene dichloride) was introduced as the starting material for these polymers and became a very important commercial product.
The highest use of ethylene dichloride is in the production of monovalent vinyl chloride. More than half of VCM consumption is also in manufacturing-related applications such as pipe manufacturing. Other PVC resin products include flooring, films and packaging sheets and bottles.
Safety of the chemical ethylene dichloride (EDC):
Ethylene dichloride is a toxic, corrosive, flammable and carcinogenic substance, and all safety precautions must be observed when working with it. | Production of VCM vinyl chloride monomer
Production of vinyl chloride monomer
As the main intermediate material in PVC production |
| 19 | MTBE | Density: 740 kg/m³
Boiling point: 55.2 °C
Formula: C5H12O
Molar mass: 88.15 g/mol
IUPAC ID: 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
Soluble in: Water | Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a colorless, flammable, volatile liquid with a pungent odor that is soluble in water and
A chemical reaction is produced between methanol and isobutylene. Methanol from natural gas and isobutylene from butane which is itself from oil
Crude or natural gas is derived. In other words, MTBE is derived from fossil fuels. | The use of MTBE completes the combustion of gasoline and improves the octane number, thus reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in the air. Thus, consumption of oxygenated fuels has positive effects on air quality and health. However, since these compounds are highly resistant to biodegradation, they have a long half-life and are highly mobile in water (therefore, under natural conditions, this material can be transported long distances with water (by accumulating in Groundwater and ultimately its use in drinking water and agriculture can pose environmental problems while threatening human health and nature. |
| 20 | HYDROCHLORIC ACID | Hydrochloric acid, as a substance consisting of hydrogen chloride, is a single proton acid and can only reach the H + ion once separated. This chemical also falls into the category of highly corrosive chemicals. On the other hand, its complete dissolution in water causes this substance to act as a strong acid. Other features of this material include the following:
Miscible solubility in water
Transparent and colorless to light yellow
Molecular weight equivalent to 46.36 grams per mole
Melting point is equivalent to -40 degrees Celsius
The boiling point is equivalent to a temperature of 50.5 ° C | Hydrochloric acid is a chemical solution containing hydrogen chloride (HCl). This chemical is transparent, very pungent, colorless and acidic. As an inorganic acid with a pH between 0 and 2, it has many applications as a strong acid. Other acids associated with this substance include hydrobromic acid, hydrophosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. Other names for hydrochloric acid are:
Souls of salt
Salt ink
Salicylic acid
Moriatic acid
Hydrogen Chloride
hydrochloric acid
Muriatic Acid
Spirit (s) of Salt | Due to its unique properties, hydrochloric acid has been able to have wide applications in industry. This chemical is used as a strong inorganic acid in most processes, including metal refining. Applications of this material can be seen in general in the following cases:
Urea regenerator
Construction industry
Remove sediment from boilers
Acidification of oil wells
Acid washing and steel washing
Widely used in food processes
Preparation of chemicals such as ethylene dichloride
Purification of table salt in the food industry
Neutralization of metal scrap and alkaline compounds
As a detergent and acid cleaner for metals
Used in cleaners and scavengers of ceramics and tiles
Use in cleaners and detergents for industrial and domestic use
Regulation of acidity and purity of aqueous processes in beverage, pharmaceutical and food industries
Regenerator of ion and drinking water converter resin by washing cations such as sodium and calcium ions
Production of various organic compounds; These materials have a non-free use. An example is vinyl chloride.
PH control and neutralizer; This is during the reaction with the hydroxide which produces water and chlorine.
Production of various inorganic compounds; These materials include a wide range of products. These substances are produced by this chemical during an acid-base reaction. These materials are often used as materials involved with water. |
| 21 | SODIUM HYDROCHLORITE | Physical characteristics
Appearance of a clear yellowish-green solution
Decompose boiling temperature
Specific gravity 1.21 (12% NaOCI)
Solubility in fully soluble water
150 gr/lit Active Chlorine
1.2% Max NaOH | Javelin solution contains 10 to 16% sodium hypochlorite. Its color is close to yellow and its taste and smell are spicy. The advantage of bleach is that it also has antiseptic properties because it is a chlorinated bleach. Adding a small amount of perborate to bleach increases its whitening power. However, it should be noted that sodium hypochlorite solution is unstable and decomposes in the presence of light and heat and releases oxygen, thus reducing its intensity, so it should be stored in opaque containers away from heat. Javelin water is decomposed according to the following formula.
NaOCl - NaCl + O2
Sodium hypochlorite is a corrosive compound that decomposes rapidly and does not have a consistent composition and quality. to be used. This solution is alkaline and the pH of the solution at 20 ° C is higher than 7. | Application: Decolorization of fabric fibers, paper, pool water disinfection, antifungal and antimicrobial |
| 22 | TDI | Molecular formula: C9H6N2O2
Molar mass= 174.2 g mol-1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density= 1.214 g/cm3
Melting point= 21.8 °C
Boiling point = 251 °C
Solubility in water: Reacts | Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3 (NCO) 2. Two of the six possible isomers of this substance are commercially important: 2,4-TDI (CAS: 584-84-9) and 2,6-TDI (CAS: 91-08-7). 2,4-TDI is produced in pure form, but TDI is often sold as a mixture of 20/80 and 35/65 of the 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI isomers. | Toluene diisocyanate has a wide range of applications. These applications range from the furniture, bedding and rug industries to the transportation and packaging industries. It is also used in the production of coatings, sealants, adhesives and elastomers. It is used in the production of flexible polyurethane foams. |
| 23 | MDI | Molecular formula:C15H10N2O2
Molar Mass:250.25 g/mol
Appearance white or pale yellow solid
Density:1.230 g/cm3, solid
Melting point:40 °C
Boiling point:314 °C
Solubility in water
S-Phrases:(S1/2), S23, S36/37, S45
Flash Point:212–214 °C – Cleveland Open Cup | Material Name: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
Brand (English): MDI
Other names: Phenyl isocyanate, 1-1-methylene bis (4-isocyanatobenzene), isocyanate acid, methylene dip-phenyl ester
Methyl diphenyl diisocyanate is often abbreviated to MDI and is an aromatic compound of the diisocyanate family. It is available in three isomers (MDI 2,2), (MDI 2,4) and (MDI 4,4).
The isomer (MDI-4,4) is known as pure MDI and is more widely used than other isomers. The main application of isomer (MDI-4,4) is in the production of polyurethane hard foams. | MDI reacts with "first poly" to produce polyurethane. Hard polyurethane foams are excellent thermal insulators that are used in almost all refrigerators and freezers around the world, as well as in building thermal insulation. (MDI) is also used in strong industrial adhesives, which are usually delivered to end consumers as strong adhesives in adhesive bottles.
"MDI" in the production of thermal insulation that can be used in various industries such as the production of sandwich panels and pipe insulation, refrigeration and refrigeration industry, automotive industry such as car seats and dashboards and in-car panels and steering wheel and production of beds and insoles A variety of shoes are used.
The main application of 4,4-MDI is in the production of rigid polyurethane foams. Typically, the production of one ton of polyurethane foam requires 0.616 ton of MDI with 0.386 ton of the first poly and 0.054 ton of pentane as the blowing agent. 4,4-MDI is used in strong industrial adhesives, which are usually delivered to end consumers as strong adhesives in adhesive bottles. Hard polyurethane foams are excellent thermal insulators that are used in almost all refrigerators and freezers as well as in building thermal insulation.
Production methods:
MDI production consists of the following steps: Nitration: reaction of benzene with nitric acid in the presence of a catalyst and formation of nitrogen benzene Methyl dianiline (MDA), also known as iaminodiphenylmethane or (DADPM). Phosphorization: MDA / DADPM reaction with phosgene to form MDI mixture Separation: Distillation of MDI mixture and formation of polymer MDI (a combination of oligomeric diisocyanate) and MDI isomer mixture containing a small amount of isomer 2, 4. Purification: Fractional distillation of MDI mixtures to form 4, 4 MDI and MDI isomer mixtures, which mostly contain 2, 4 MDI isomers. |
| 24 | ANILINE | Physical and chemical properties
The shape and physical state of a colorless liquid
Melting point -6/2 ºC
Boiling point 184/13 ºC
Density 1/022 g / mL at 25 ° C (lit.)
Steam pressure 0/7 mmHg (25 ° C)
Vapor density 3/22 (185 ° C, vs air)
Flash point 76 ºC
Storage temperature 2-8 ºC
Solubility in water 3/6 g / 100mL at 20°C
Viscosity 3/71 cP | Aniline (phenylamine or amino benzene) is a colorless, oily liquid that rapidly turns brown in the presence of air. The vapors of this substance are toxic and have a high flammability. Aniline is an aromatic and amino compound with a rotten fish odor that dissolves in alcohol and ether but has little solubility in water and is a weak base. Phenylamine is much more stable than aliphatic amines and reacts with strong acids to form aniline ions, which react with acyl halides such as acetyl chloride to form acanilide. | Aniline is mostly used in the production of methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) and its polymers, which is an intermediate polyurethane. MDI is prepared by the reaction of aniline and formaldehyde. MDI is used in the production of hard and semi-hard polyurethanes, insulation, thermoplastic resins, castings, adhesives and in shoe soles. Used as a raw material for the production of chemicals in rubberizing processes such as antioxidants, stabilizers, accelerators, activators and other vulcanization additives.
Used in agriculture as a herbicide, in the laboratory as a solvent, in the production of pigments, special fibers, pesticides, explosives, textiles and rocket fuel. Phenylamine is also used to make gelatin, cyclohexylamine, nitrotoluene derivatives, and to synthesize drugs such as acetaminophen and tylenol and sulfonamides, which are antibacterial. |
| 25 | HNO3 | Product Name Nitric Acid
60% purity
Molecular mass 63.01 g / mol
Density 1.5129 g / cm3
Appearance of colorless or very pale yellow liquid
Melting point 41 ° C
Freezing point -42 ° C
Boiling point 83 ° C
pH 1 | Nitric acid is a strong, corrosive liquid acid obtained by the oxidation of ammonia and then the reduction reaction with water. Pure nitric acid is colorless. Its yellowish brown color in concentrated solutions of nitric acid is due to the dissolution of nitrogen dioxide in it. Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent and reacts with many substances. | Currently, most of the uses of nitric acid in the preparation of chemical fertilizers (agriculture) such as nitrate fertilizers, nitrophosphate, mixed fertilizers and .... In addition, in the production of mineral and organic nitrates, in acid washing of industrial equipment, plating, corrosion resistance, separation of gold and silver and in the electrolysis industry, nitric acid is widely used. Nitric acid consumption is also significant in the military, dairy and plastics industries. |
| 26 | HCL | Chemical name: hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid
Chemical formula: HCl
Density: 1.18 g / cm3
Boiling point: 45 ° C
Water solubility: soluble
Appearance: clear, colorless and very spicy solution
Grade: Industrial and laboratory, food | Soluble in water
It is a non-flammable, clear, colorless or pale yellow liquid.
When it has a concentration of 25% or higher (hydrogen chloride gas, hydrochloric acid gas), it is a strong foaming acid.
When heated, a large amount of acidic foam will be produced.
It forms chlorine gas in reaction with chromate, permanganate or persulfates. And is produced in reaction with metal peroxides chloride or chlorine.
It is non-explosive and non-flammable on its own, but in contact with metals it causes corrosion and produces hydrogen gas. If the hydrogen produced is combined with air, an explosion is likely to occur. | steel Industries
Production of organic compounds
Production of inorganic compounds
Sodium chloride production
Household cleaners
Food industry
Other applications
Battery production
Leather polishing
Production of salt ink
Steel parts washing
Processing of sugar and gelatin
Production of pvc plastics
Manufacture of organic and inorganic compounds
Neutralize and control the pH of the environment
Cleaning devices and boilers
Washing and acid washing of metals
Household and industrial cleaners and cleaners
It is an important chemical and industrial reagent used in the production of polyvinyl chloride for plastics. |
| 27 | NB | | Large-scale nitrobenzene is obtained from benzene as a precursor to aniline. in the lab; It is used as a solvent, especially for electrophilic reactors. Nitrobenzene has little solubility in water. This substance is toxic and should not be inhaled. In case of contact with skin and eyes, it causes irritation. Nitrogen oxide decomposes into very toxic gases due to heat. NB production at 100% capacity is equal to 5569 kg / h, which is equal to 133656 kg per day, and annual production based on 300 working days is approximately equal to 40 thousand tons. | Applications (NB)
Approximately 95% of nitrobenzene is used to make aniline, a precursor to rubber chemicals, pesticides, dyes, explosives, and pharmaceuticals. Nitro benzene is used in the textile, clothing and other dyes industry.
Special uses
Nitrobenzene is used as a substance to reduce unpleasant odors in floor and shoe polishes, leather goods, paint solvents and other materials. Recycled nitrobenzene was previously used as a low-cost fragrance in soap making. A special commercial market for nitrobenzene is acetaminophen. It is also widely used in the manufacture of a variety of paints and intermediates. |
| 28 | MTD | | MTD or metatoluene diamine is an organic compound with the closed formula C6H3 (NH2) 2CH3. This compound is one of the six isomers of the TDA family. This compound is made from the hydrogenation reaction of 4 and 2 dinitro-toluene in the presence of a metal salt catalyst and is used as a raw material in the manufacture of toluene diisocyanate (TDI). | Applications: Meta-toluene diamine (MTD)
Applications of this compound include paint and resin industries, pharmaceutical industries for the production of antioxidants, production of polyamides with special properties, production of polyurethane foams and production of polyester-polyol. |
| 29 | OTD | | OTD or ortho-toluene diamine (isomers 2 and 3 toluene diamine and 3 and 4 toluene diamine) is a precious substance obtained in 330 units as a by-product from the separation of TDA isomers.
This compound is made from the hydrogenation reaction of dinitrotoluene in the presence of a suitable catalyst and is separated from it as a by-product in the MTD production process | Applications (OTD):
It is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of tolyltriazole, which acts as an anti-corrosion agent for metals such as copper, lead, nickel and silver.
This compound, along with other toluene diamines, is used in the production of dyes, hair dyes and other cosmetic dyes. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry. |
| 30 | H2SO4 | Formula weight = 98.08
Melting point = 10 --c - 10.4 .c
Density = 1.840 g / ml at (25 ̊c)
Vapor density <0.3 (25 vsc vs air)
Solubility = H2O soluble
Boiling point = 315-338 .c
Purity ≥ 98%
NO3 salt less than 0.001%
Cl = less than 0.005%
Fe = less than 0.003% | Sulfuric acid is produced by the proximity process. Initially, to produce sulfur dioxide, sulfur is placed next to oxygen and oxides.
Sulfur dioxide is then oxidized to 3SO in the presence of a catalyst in reaction with excess oxygen.
This reaction is very slow at normal temperatures; For this reason, in the industrial method, higher temperatures between 400 and 700 degrees Celsius are used and a catalyst such as vanadium pentoxide V25O or platinum sponge is used. From the reaction of sulfur trioxide with water, a solution of sulfuric acid is formed:
By repeating these steps and blowing sulfur trioxide into the sulfuric acid solution, pyrosulfuric acid (H2S2O7) is formed, then by adding water to the pyrosulfuric acid, a sulfuric acid solution is prepared.
This method, in which pyrosulfuric acid is formed, is easier to control than the direct reaction of sulfur trioxide with water; Therefore, this reaction is used to produce sulfuric acid with a certain percentage and desired concentration.
laboratory method
1- It is obtained from the reaction of sulfur dioxide gas with hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide).
2- Using electrolysis of copper solution (ll), where the cathode must be made of metal to have good conductivity, like copper and the anode must be made of platinum or charcoal so as not to react with the solution. | Used in the production of antifreeze, insecticides, drugs, aluminum regeneration.
Color material:
For colored nylon, writing ink and preparation of TiO2 from ilmenite.
Rayon and film:
For the production of silk fabrics, yarn around tires and photographic films.
Paper industry:
For the production of paper napkins, newspapers, cardboard boxes, writing paper and other cardboard.
Explosives:
Different concentrations of sulfuric acid are used as electrolytes in the aluminum anodizing process.
detergents:
Due to its very strong hydrolysis power that is able to dissolve fats and lipids, sulfuric acid is widely used in the production of industrial detergents.
leather manufacturing:
Due to its hydrolyzing power, sulfuric acid is used in leather to remove hair, oil and skin impurities.
Iron and steel industry.
Artificial cleaners.
Acidification of oil wells.
Isolation of low grade copper.
Uranium mining.
Production and synthetic glue.
Production of chemical fertilizers.
Oil refining. |
| 31 | NH3 | Chemical formula of ammonia: NH3
Ammonia density: 0.73 kg / m kg
Boiling point of ammonia: 33.34 ° C.
Solubility in water: High solubility. | Appearance of ammonia: It is a colorless liquid under pressure and has a pungent, penetrating and highly irritating odor.
Names synonymous with ammonia: hydrogen nitride, androse, androse ammonium hydroxide.
Ammonia is obtained by pressing ammonia gas. Ammonia is a heavy liquid that has a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures, which causes severe freezing in contact with the skin. As a source of gaseous ammonia. Liquid ammonia has a strong ionization power. | Application of ammonia
Ammonia is used in refrigeration and freezing, and also plays a solvent role in many processes. If the gas is compressed by the compressor and the compressed ammonia is cooled, it becomes liquefied and turns into gas by heating the liquid. It uses the same principle for cooling systems and chillers and uses ammonia as one of the oldest gases for These systems are used. Its solubility in water in both liquid and gas forms is very high.
80% of liquid ammonia is used to produce agricultural fertilizers. Another 20% is used in the plastics and fiber industries, and a small percentage of it is used in trade and military explosives. |
| 32 | DAP | Product Name Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Fertilizer
Brand name DAP fertilizer
Chemical formula NH4) 2HPO4)
Raw materials required
Phosphoric acid, ammonia
Utility required
Water, electricity and gas
Product applications
Chemical fertilizers, animal and aquatic feed production, some in industrial applications such as fire control and deterrence, refractories, flame retardants and fire extinguishers, and yeast dough | Phosphorus plays an important role in plant metabolism and is one of the nutrients for plant growth and development. Adequate supply of phosphorus promotes rapid growth, increased root growth and early maturity of the crop. Diammonium phosphate is one of the high quality fertilizers due to its high nutrient content (46% phosphorus pentoxide and 18% nitrogen) and low tendency to absorb moisture and clump. | Due to the problem of phosphorus stabilization in the soil and its immobility, this fertilizer should be placed under the seed by a depth of work at a distance of 2.5-5 cm. In addition to increasing yield, this saves on fertilizer application. In order to determine the exact amount of this fertilizer, it is necessary to refer to the soil and water results of the field. |
| 33 | UREA | GRANULATED UREA
Physical & chemical Property Actual
Biuret (wt%) MAX 1.0(max)
Water (wt%) MAX 0.5 (max)
Formaldehyde (wt%) MAX 0.6
Total nitrogen (wt%) 46.1(min)
NH3 (wt%) 0.015(max)
Total nitrogen (min wt%) 46
Urea (wt%) 97.93
Bulk density (g / lit) 0.73 – 0.77
Physical state White granules solid
Ave. MW 59.2
Size distribution 2-4mm 90%wt (Min)
Crushing strength (kg / granule) 3.0 kg min On 3.15 mm dia. Granule size | The process of producing granular urea fertilizer is that ammonia and carbon dioxide gas are transferred to the urea synthesis unit after compression and in this unit ammonia and carbon dioxide are converted to urea under certain temperature and pressure conditions and after evaporation and purification The urea is transferred to the granulation unit and the final product of urea fertilizer in this unit is solid granulated and granulated. Granular urea fertilizer is white and in the size of 2 to 4 mm, which has a larger grain size than Peril urea fertilizer. Both granule and peril urea models are almost similar in chemical properties and contain 46% nitrogen. It should be noted that the grain strength in the granule model is higher than the peril model. | Due to the similar effect of granular urea and peril fertilizer in the agricultural sector, it seems that each of these two models is more popular in different regions due to the presence of more of that sample in that market and has a somewhat psychological aspect. |
| 34 | Granulated sulfur | 99.50% min Sulfur
0.03% max Ash WT
0.03% max Mass Fraction of Organic Compounds
0.003% max Acidity (As H2SO4) WT
Absent Presence of mechanical impurities
0.2% max Moi
Bright Yellow Color
Lump and Powder Form | Refinery sulfur obtained from oil and natural gas refining is initially molten and can be produced in various forms such as granular sulfur, lump sulfur and cotyledon sulfur for different uses. | This material is used in the production of various fertilizers, explosives, matches, rubber and so on. It is used. |
| 35 | methanal/Formaldehyde | Molecular formula: OCH2
Formaldehyde weight percentage 37-44
Weight percentage of methanol 6 - 2
Acidity ppm 300 Max
Transparent Transparency
Minimum storage temperature (stabilized) ° C 35
Minimum storage temperature (unstable) 45 ° C Max
Shelf life, day 60 | Formaldehyde is the most important commercial aldehyde, the simplest member of the aldehyde family, and its chemical formula (H2CO). This compound is also known as methanol and methylene oxide. At room temperature, the gas is colorless and has a nasty odor and is easily dissolved in water, alcohols and other polar solvents, and in industry, 30 to 50 percent solutions of this substance in water, known as formalin, are used. In industry, most formalin is made from the catalytic oxidation of methanol, with silver metal or a mixture of iron oxide and molybdenum being the catalysts for this process. This compound is one of the most widely used chemicals in the industry and its application in the industries of dyeing, resin, disinfectant solutions, fixatives in the preparation of tissue samples, anatomical dissection and histological studies, etc. The main use of formaldehyde is in the production of resins. Resins that are made of formaldehyde include phenol formaldehyde resins and amino resins (urea and melamine formaldehyde). Formaldehyde resins are mainly used as adhesives in wood products industries such as HDF, MDF, chipboard and in the manufacture of molded sponges and the production of insulating sponges. | Production of UF, MF and phenolic resins
Production of BDO, MDI and polystyrene
Production of detergents and disinfectants
Production of UFC 65 and UFC 85 urea forms |
| 36 | Orto Xylene | Physical and chemical properties: colorless, flammable, toxic
Chemical formula: C8H10
Ignition temperature: 463 C.
Welding temperature: 144 C
Melting point: 25- C
Molar mass: 106.16 g / mol
Density: 0.7 g / ml
Steam pressure: 0.7 atm | Ortho-xylene is an isomer of xylene and is obtained during the distillation process. Ortho-xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that has a benzene ring and two methyl groups attached to it. The two methyl groups are placed side by side on the benzene ring (atoms 1 and 2). Ortho xylene is an isomer of xylene and is a flammable and toxic substance. | Uses:
Ortho-xylene is used as a raw material for the production of phthalic anhydride as well as in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The chemical formula of ortho xylene is C8H10. Ortho-xylene is also known as o-xylene.
Production of indridaphthalic, -plasticizers, -colors, -insecticides. |
| 37 | Pentaerythritol | Synonyms:PE ; Penta ; 2,2-bis hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ;
pentaerythrite ; tetrahydroxymethyl methane ; monopentaerythritol ;
tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) methane ; pentaerythritol.
Formula C(CH2OH)4
Molecular weight 136.15
Pentaerythritol Content 99%
Hydroxyl content 49.1%
Mosisture 0.11%
Color (Phthalate) 1
Apperance White Crystaline Purely
Ash 0.03% | Pentaerythritol is an organic compound with molecular formula C (CH2OH) 4. Pentaerythritol is a white powder or flake and is known as a prime. Pentaerythritol is used in the production of plastics, paints and coatings, cosmetics and home appliances, etc. The name pentaerythritol is derived from two compound words, penta, which refers to the number of carbon atoms, and the word erythritol, which refers to four alcohol groups.
Because pentaerythritol can form a variety of blocked nonlinear structures, it is most commonly used in the synthesis of multifactorial compounds. Are in polyolefins. Pentaerythritol can be used as a flame retardant in plastics and coatings, which prevents the surface from burning by creating a thick layer of carbon. It is used in the synthesis of cross-linked polymeric agents that are cured with UV rays, such as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate. | As a raw-material for alkyd resins ; used in the manufacture of high
quality oil based surface coatings. As a raw-material for rosin and tall oil
esters, used in the manufacture of high quality oil based varnishes. As a
raw-material to C5 - C11 mono carboxylic acid esters, components for synthetic aircraft gas turbine lubricants. Pentaerythritol is a rawmaterial for plasticizers, heat stabilizers, intumescents used in flame
retardent paints, chlorinated polyether resins and multifunctional acrylatemonomers. |
| 38 | Acetic acid | Chemical name: acetic acid | Acetic acid
Chemical formula: (C2H4O2 or CH3COOH)
Molecular weight: 60.05 g / mol
Melting point and freezing point: 16.6 ° C (100% solution)
Boiling point: 118 ° C
Water solubility: soluble
Solubility in organic solvents: Soluble in all compounds such as ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, glycerol and benzene
Appearance: Clear and colorless liquid, like ice crystals at a temperature of less than 16 degrees
Smell: Spicy and sour smell
Grade: Food and Industrial | Acetic acid is a mineral and belongs to the group of acids. It is a weak, colorless acid with a pungent odor. This substance is the simplest carboxylic acid after formic acid. This substance is widely used in agriculture, pharmacy, cooking, water purification, etc.
Acetic acid is an organic acid in the form of a sharp and colorless liquid that is the basis of vinegar pickling and gives a sour taste similar to vinegar in the taste. Most of the acetic acid produced in the world is used in reaction with alcohols to produce esters that are used as the best solvents in paints and polishes.
Liquid acetic acid, like water and ethanol, is a hydrophilic protonated solvent (polar molecule | polar). With a dielectric constant of 2.6, it can, in addition to dissolving polar compounds such as mineral salts and sugars, dissolve non-polar compounds such as oils and chemical elements such as sulfur and iodine. It mixes with many polar and non-polar solvents such as water, chloroform and hexane. This solubility and miscibility of acetic acid has made it a widely used industrial chemical.
Acetic acid is a weak acid because it contains only a small amount of acid in aqueous solution. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (icy acetic acid) is a colorless liquid that absorbs water from its surroundings (hygroscopic) and freezes as a colorless crystalline solid at 16.5 ° C (61.7 ° F). Pure acid and its concentrated solutions are highly corrosive. | In agriculture, this product is used as a herbicide and weed killer.
This substance attacks the cell membrane of weeds and causes them to dry out.
The solution used for this contains 10 to 20% acid.
The advantages of this product compared to other herbicides include fast yield, elimination of harmful soil bacteria, regulation of soil pH and also rapid elimination of its effect on soil.
Dilute acetic acid is used as a spray to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in animal feed silos. |
| 39 | 2EH | Details of Article 2- Ethyl hexanol:
Molecular formula: C8H18O
Mol mass: 130/23 g mol − 1
Density: 833 mg mL − 1
Melting point: 76 ° C
Boiling point: 186-180 ° C | Appearance: Liquid
Other names: 2- Ethyl hexanol
Product Category: Agriculture, Building Chemistry, Oil, Gas & Petrochemical, Cosmetics, Adhesives, Paints & Resins, Polymer & Plastics, Textiles & Leather, Other, Solvent, Flavoring, Other, Cosmetics, Sanitary & Detergent, Agriculture, Paints, resins and adhesives, Leather and textiles, Polymer and plastics, Building chemicals, Oil, gas and petrochemicals, Cosmetics, Resins, Adhesives, Solvents, Gases, Petrochemicals, Solvents, Other
Two ethyl hexanol is a dark brown liquid with a pleasant odor. It is insoluble in water and its density is less than water.This type of alcohol is the first type, eight carbons and chiral. | In Chemistry for Vinyl Plastics
It easily dissolves organic matter and is known as a low volatility solvent.
In the adhesive and sealing chemicals industry, this compound is used to prevent corrosion.
Can be used in fuels and fuel additives.
In color additives and coatings as a solvent
In building materials
Extensive use of this substance in agriculture
Used in textile and leather products
Can be used in lubricants and greases
Paints and coatings industries
Application in the preparation of materials and products for personal health and care
Preparation and manufacture of plastic and rubber products |
| 40 | MEK | Methyl Ethyl Ketone
cas number: 78-93-3
Chemical formula of methyl ethyl ketone: C8H18O6
Density: 0.8050 g / cm3
Boiling point of methyl ethyl ketone: 79.6 ° C.
Melting point of methyl ethyl ketone: -86 ° C.
Names are synonymous with methyl ethyl ketone: methyl acetone, propanone, methyl acetone.
Appearance of methyl ethyl ketone: It is a colorless liquid. | Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is a stable compound with a low flammable boiling point.
Methyl ethyl ketone is a strong solvent and evaporates very quickly and is used in the production of paints and varnishes. Methyl ethyl ketone has special properties because its solution has a low viscosity and has a low volumetric mass, which causes it to produce a large volume of diluent coatings per unit weight compared to heavier solvents. Methyl ethyl ketone is an organic substance and belongs to the group of oxygenated hydrocarbons. | Methyl ethyl ketone is one of the cheapest solvents in the boiling range and is competitive with ethyl acetate as a solvent for nitrocellulose in terms of price and performance.
Methyl ethyl ketone is widely and widely used in coating systems.
Methyl ethyl ketone is a solvent for varnish and a valuable application as a solvent in polyurethane is nitrile neoprene rubber, which is the basis of industrial cements.
Methyl ethyl ketone has special properties because its solution has low viscosity and low volumetric mass, which produces a large volume of diluent coatings per unit weight compared to heavier solvents. It can also mix with hydrocarbons without losing its properties.
Methyl ethyl ketone is used as a deuaxing agent in the refining of lubricating oils.
Methyl ethyl ketone is a solvent for adhesives, rubber adhesives, printing inks, dyes and cleaning solutions.
Methyl ethyl ketone is used in the extraction of vegetable oils, fats, oils and waxes and natural resins from crude oil, and in refineries to separate azeotropes.
Methyl ethyl ketone as an intermediate for the production of catalysts, fragrances, aromatizers, antioxidants and in the production of normal ethyl amyl ketone, also as a separating agent for the production of reinforced polyester fiberglass parts for cars, ships, equipment Chemical vehicles and storage tanks are used.
In addition to natural materials, plastics and resins can also be dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, such as nitrocellulose ester resins, low molecular weight cellulose acetate, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate epoxy resin, polyvinyl chloride / acetate mixed with Its polymers, sulfonamide resins, cyclohexane resins, acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyurethane and homogeneous chlorine rubbers are soluble in methyl ethyl ketone. |
| 41 | butyl alcohol | Product name Secondary butyl alcohol
The name of the substance is secondary butyl alcohol
English name 2-Butanol
sec-Butanol
CAS No. 78-92-2
Relative density 0.81
Boiling point (99.5 ° C)
Flash point (24 degrees Celsius)
Fields of application of solvent for paint, liquid source of butyl acetate, raw materials in plastics and pharmaceuticals
Japan GHS Classification Regulations on Flammable Materials Water-insoluble petroleum products of Class 2
Japan GHS Law on Class 2 Organic Solvents Flammable Materials
PRTR regulations not applicable | Butyl alcohol (C4H9OH) or butanol into four normal organic compounds butanol ((n-) butyl alcohol), butyl alcohol type II ((sec-) butyl alcohol), isobutyl alcohol and butyl alcohol type III ((t-) butyl alcohol) They are all said to have the same chemical formula but different structures. The structure of these four compounds is shown below:
Normal butanol
Each of these alcohols has important industrial applications. Normal butanol is a solvent for paints, resins and other coatings and is also part of the hydraulic brake fluid. Large amounts of this substance are converted to esters that have many uses, for example butyl acetate is used as a dye solvent and dibutyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer.
The four isomers mentioned in various products such as cosmetics (such as eye cosmetics, foundations, lipsticks, nail care products, health products and shaving) and used in the production of drugs for antibiotics, hormones and vitamins be.
Butyl alcohol type II
This compound is used sparingly in solvents and esters, and most of it is converted to methyl ethyl ketone. Methyl ethyl ketone is an important solvent in the production of plastics, fibers and explosives.
ISO Butyl
Isobutyl alcohol, like the second type, is used in solvents and plasticizers. Esters of this substance are used in fruit flavors.
Tert Butyl
This compound is also used as a solvent and neutralizer of ethyl alcohol. It is also used in small quantities in flavorings and perfumes. One of the uses of tert-butyl is to increase the octane number of gasoline, this practice was done in the past, but since the vapors of this compound are toxic, they are not used in the production of gasoline today and are banned in many countries. | _ |
| 42 | Natural Naphta | Naphtha is a combination of flammable hydrocarbons that contain specific hydrocarbons with a certain flammability and volatility. For example, crude oil distillation products or coal tar. Naphtha is one of the light products of crude oil (high product of lamp oil) and is usually produced in refineries in two forms of light and heavy naphtha. Naphtha is primarily used as feed for other units to produce high-octane gasoline (catalytic reforming process). It is also used in the chemical industry to produce olefins in the Steam Cracker unit and as a solvent. The word naphtha comes from Latin and Greek. In ancient Greece, this word was used to refer to any petroleum-like substance. | Naphtha is one of the crude oil cuts and the lightest liquid product obtained from crude oil refining, which is classified into two types, light and heavy. The lightest liquid components of crude oil usually include sections between 5 and 12 carbons of petroleum hydrocarbons. Usually from naphtha. It is used in the petrochemical industry to produce aromatic compounds and high octane gasoline through a catalytic modification process. It is also used in the chemical industry of naphtha for the production of olefins in the steam cracking unit and as a solvent. Naphtha is divided into two main types: aromatic and aliphatic. | Naphtha is divided into two main types: aromatic and aliphatic. Aliphatic naphtha is composed of paraffinic and cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons (naphthenes) and is obtained directly from crude oil by distillation. Aromatic naphtha contains aromatics, alkyl benzenes, which are rarely obtained directly from crude oil and require reforming. In general, NAFTA is obtained from the following methods:
1- Straight-run product from crude oil distillation.
2- Extraction with solvent
3- Hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds
4- Polymerization of unsaturated compounds (olefin)
5- Alkylation process
Of course, naphtha can also be obtained by combining these methods.
Application:
Naphtha is a raw material in the chemical and petrochemical industries as a feedstock for the production of various petrochemical products, including solvents and diluents. Naphtha is used to make gasoline. Naphtha is also used as a solvent. But NAFTA has a variety of other uses as well.
Raw materials for plastics, synthetic fibers and industrial alcohols
Most dye thinners are made of naphtha, and most ethylene plastic compounds are made with naphtha. Catalytic processes can also be used to convert naphtha to high-octane gasoline and other petroleum fuels.
Naphtha is a very strong solvent with a variety of applications, so it is also used to produce detergents and other hydrocarbon refineries.
Production of coolants and varnishes as heating and cooking fuels (similar to liquefied petroleum gas and kerosene). |
| 43 | SBR | | Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) refers to a set of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene. These materials have good abrasion resistance when mixed with suitable additives. The ratio of styrene and butadiene in synthetic rubber affects the properties of the polymer; So that if the amount of styrene is high, the rubber is harder and its rubber property is less. Synthetic rubber is the most widely used synthetic elastomer in the world. The demand for this product is focused on durable goods, especially in the automotive industry such as tires. This accounts for about 70% of global product demand. Other markets besides tires account for about 25 to 30 percent of the demand for synthetic rubber, which includes mechanical parts and a wide range of other end products. The main advantage of synthetic rubber in tire production is that it brings longer life to the tire. | Styrene butadiene rubber has different grades and its application varies depending on each grade, which ranges from tire and rubber industries to shoes and mechanical industries. |
| 44 | Raffinate II | Methan Trace Mol % GC
Ethane Trace Mol % GC
Ethylene Trace Mol % GC
Propane Max 0.5 Mol % GC
Cyclo propane Max 0.1 Mol % GC
Propene Max 0.2 Mol % GC
propadiene Max 0.3 Mol % GC
n-Butane Max 15 Mol % GC
i-Butane Max 5 Mol % GC
1-Butene Max 50 Mol % GC
i-Butene Max 3 Mol % GC
T-2-Butene Max 20 Mol % GC
C-2-Butene Max 5 Mol % GC
1,2-Butadiene Trace Mol % GC
1,3-Butadiene Max 1 Mol % GC
n-Pentane Max 0.1 Mol % GC
i-Pentane Max 0.1 Mol % GC
Methyl Acetylene Max 0.5 Mol % GC
Ethyl Acetylene Max 0.3 Mol % GC
Vinyl Acetylene Max 0.3 Mol % GC
C5 Heavier HC Max 0.3 Mol % GC | Material Name: Raffinate Brand Name: Raffinate Other Names: Waste Separation History: Rafinate is generally referred to as the residual solvent extraction process, which in the petrochemical industry is usually considered a not-so-low-value by-product. . Raffinite is a multi-component mixture that can contain paraffins, olefins, cycloalkanes, as well as aromatics. Depending on whether the predominant hydrocarbons are multi-carbon, we have C4, C5, and C6 ores. Rafinites are usually a by-product of olefin and aromatic units. If raffinite is the product of an aromatic unit, it is called aromatic raffinate to determine if its ingredients contain BTX. In conventional MTBE production units, there are several reactors in series where the output current from the reactor is separated and the materials do not react and methanol is separated from the product. The name of these materials is raffinite, which is washed with water and methanol is recovered from C4 sections. The refining stream is then decanted with propane, and finally the refined stream is sent to the oxygen removal unit after detoxification. And is sent to the normal butane isomerization unit for further processes. | This product contains a combination of four carbon gases including butenes (cis, trans-2-butene and 1-butene) and butane (isobutane and normal butane) which is used in the following cases:
Raw material component is used in the production of olefin units
Used in the production of MEK.
Used as fuel. |
| 45 | PBR | 151-200 Viscosity (CP)
0.1 Max Ash (%)
10 Colour (APHA)
0.6 Max Volatile matter | The chemical polybutadiene rubber (PBR) is a synthetic rubber. PBR is obtained from the polymerization of 1-3-butadiene. Polybutadiene has a high resistance to abrasion and is mostly used in the manufacture of tires, about 70% of its production is used in this industry. Another 25% is used as an additive to improve the toughness (impact resistance) of plastics such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). | Rubber industry (tire production), of course, the High-Cis type is used
Polymers and plastics industries (especially HIPS and ABS industries) (as an additive in the production of these polymers to increase hardness)
Electronic equipment manufacturing industry (to cover electronic devices to increase electrical resistance)
Production of golf balls |
| 46 | Ethylbenzene EB | Molecular formula C8H10
Molar mass 106.17 gr / mol
Colorless liquid appearance
Density 0.8665 mg / cm3
Melting point -95 ,C, -139 ̊F, 178.4K
Welding temperature 136 ̊C, 277 ̊F, 409K
Solubility in water 0.015g / 100mL
Viscosity 0.669 cP at 20 ̊C | Ethyl benzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH3. Highly flammable, colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. This monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as an intermediate in the production of styrene, a precursor to polystyrene, a common plastic material. In 2012, more than 99% of the ethylene benzene produced was used to produce styrene. Ethyl benzene is also used in the manufacture of other chemicals, in fuels, and as a solvent in inks, rubber adhesives, and paints. Exposure to ethylbenzene can be determined by testing for urinary decomposition products.
Ethyl benzene is a colorless liquid that smells like gasoline with a sweet aroma, high evaporation rate and is highly flammable. Ethyl benzene with a distinctive odor has an odor threshold of 2.3 ppm and a melting point of -95 ° C (-139 ° F) and a boiling point of 136 ° C (277 ° F). It is classified as a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon since it is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. | Ethyl benzene is added to gasoline as an anti-shock agent and increases the octane number. Ethyl benzene is often used in other manufactured products, including pesticides, cellulose acetate, synthetic rubber, paints, and inks. Used in natural gas recovery, ethyl benzene may be injected into the ground. |
| 47 | Styrene | Molecular formula C8H8
Molar mass 104.15 gr / mol
Colorless oily liquid appearance
Density 0.909 mg / cm3
Melting point -30 ̊C, -22 ̊F, 243.4K
Welding temperature 145 ̊C, -293 ̊F, 418K
Solubility in water 0.03% (20 ̊C)
Fracture coefficient 1.5469
Viscosity 0.762 cP at 20 ̊C | Styrene, also known as ethenylbenzene, vinylbenzene and phenylethene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH = CH2. It is a derivative of benzene, a colorless oily liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet odor, although at high concentrations it has a less pleasant odor. Styrene is the raw material of polystyrene and several copolymers.
Styrene is industrially produced from ethylbenzene, which in turn is produced on a large scale by the alkylation of benzene with ethylene. | The presence of the vinyl group allows the styrene to be polymerized. Significant commercial products include polystyrene, ABS, styrene-butadiene (SBR) rubber, styrene-butadiene latex, SIS (styrene-isoprene, styrene), S-EB-S (styrene-ethylene / butylene terafylene-styrene div) (S) DVB), styrene acrylonitrile resin (SAN) and polyunsaturated resin used in thermosetting compounds. These materials are used in rubber, plastics, insulation, fiberglass, pipes, automobiles and boat parts, food containers, and carpet supports. |
| 48 | Argon | Atomic number 18
Atomic mass 39,948 amu
Melting point -189.2 ° C
Boiling point -185.7 ° C
Atomic radius 71Pm
Covalent radius 97Pm
Van der Waals radius 188 Pm
Crystal structure fcc
Electronic shape 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Standard gas mode
Periodic period 3
Number of electrons in the capacitance layer 8
Colorless color
Group number 18
The name of the noble gas group
Evaporation heat 6.52 KJ / mol
Heat capacity 20.786J / mol.k
Density (STP) 1.784 g / L
Fusion heat 1.18 KJ / mol
Ionization energy 1520 KJ / mol | The element argon is found in the periodic table with the symbol Ar and the decimal numbers 18.
Argon makes up 0.934% by volume and 1.288% by mass of the Earth's atmosphere, which is why in industry, air is the raw material for pure argon.
Argon is usually separated by fractional distillation.
Argon is often combined with carbon dioxide, oxygen, helium, hydrogen and nitrogen to enhance arc stability and improve metal arc welding properties. | Argon gas is the most common carrier gas in gas chromatography.
The gas of choice is ICP spectrometry.
In atomic absorption spectrometry, it is used as a coating gas in graphite furnaces.
The most common use of argon gas, both in pure form and in mixtures, is as a shielding gas in arc welding.
Used in combination with fluorine or helium in excimer lasers.
Used as insulating gas in high-efficiency multi-walled windows.
It is one of the basic gases for filling incandescent bulbs, which is usually used in a mixture with nitrogen, krypton or neon. Used in combination with neon.
Argon-oxygen desorption (AOD) is the most common method for refining stainless steel and both gases are used extensively in this process.
Used in iron and steel industries to prevent oxidation of molten metals as well as degassing and desulfurization of molten steel and iron.
In the pharmaceutical industry, argon is used by replacing it with oxygen in intravenous drug containers to increase the shelf life of products.
This gas is used in combination with hydrogen as a protective atmosphere for the thermal treatment of some metals, especially those that are prone to nitrification in nitrogen-rich atmospheres, such as stainless steel.
Used to fill car airbags.
This gas, R-740, is used in gas mixtures in low temperature refrigeration applications free of CFC.
Carbon dioxide gas is often used in combination with nitrogen gas as a clean fire extinguishing gas, as its neutral property prevents harmful substances. |
| 49 | Sodium hydroxide | Appearance
Solid, white (white scales) and odorless
Purity rate 1.1% 98%
Mol mass 39.9971 g mol-1
Welding temperature 1388 ° C, 1661 K, 2530 ° F
Acidic (pKa) 13
Melting point 318 degrees Celsius (604 degrees Fahrenheit; 591 K)
Water solubility 1110 g dm-3 (at 20 ° C)
Density (ο C 20) gr / cm3 2.13 | Synonyms and equations of composition: caustic soda or sodium hydroxide, industrial degreaser, solid caustic soda, caustic soda, caustic soda.
Composition name in English: Caustic Soda or Sodium Hydroxide.
Chemical formula: NaOH
Applications of the compound: Use in the production of chemicals such as aluminum oxide or alumina, use in drilling and extraction of oil and gas, neutralization of chemical reactions, production of detergents, pulp and…
The role of compound in the oil and gas industry: To increase the pH of water-based drilling muds, to control corrosion and reduce calcium or magnesium contamination in water-based muds. | The applications of caustic soda flakes are very wide in industry, different industries use this material with different approaches. Some of these industries are:
Dyeing industries
Production of cartons and paper
Leather and textile industries
Oil and gas and petrochemical industries
Acid neutralization and battery production
Degreasers and other related industries
Food industry, dairy industry, canning
Beverage factory, sugar factory, oil factory
Pharmaceutical, alcohol and cosmetics industries
Metal industry and production of zinc glass, aluminum, galvanized and plating
Profit is widely used in the oil and gas industry
Profit is widely used in the military industry.
Profit is also used for industries that are exposed to pathogens.
Perk is also widely used in the polymer and pet industries, so it is used as a fat burner. |
| 50 | cyanuramide؛ pluragard | Molecular formula: C3H6N6
Molar mass: 126.12gr / mol
Melting point: 354ºC
Boiling point: 299,696ºC
Other letters: cyanuramide; pluragard; Melamine; 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Appearance: Solid رنگWhite | Melamine crystal is a white powder with the chemical formula C3H6N6. Melamine crystal, also known as melamine, is an organic compound with an ammonia-like odor that is actually a cyanamide trimmer.
Melamine crystals are used in the production of plastics, dyes, fertilizers and fabrics. 67% of melamine crystals such as cyanamide are composed of nitrogen and its derivatives have fire extinguishing properties due to the release of nitrogen gas during burning or semi-combustion.
This chemical compound is the most valuable and advanced nitrogen chain product that is normally processed as a resin. Melamine crystal has alkaline properties. Hair dissolves partially in cold water, is insoluble in many organic solvents and does not explode.
Melamine crystal is used in the production of urea and ammonia fertilizers, switch and socket production, aircraft industry, MDF sheets as well as decorative industries.
Appearance: Solid
Other names: cyanuramide; pluragard
Product Category: Adhesives, Paints & Resins, Polymer & Plastics, Textiles & Leather, Organic Materials, Paper, Printing & Packaging, Paints, Resins & Adhesives, Leather & Textiles, Polymer & Plastics, Other, Paper, Printing & Packaging | Melamine crystals are commercially produced from the reaction of urea and cyanic acid. Melamine combines with formaldehyde to form melanin resin, a highly heat-resistant plastic, as well as melanin foam and polymeric cleaners.
Other commercial products contain melanin, including tablecloths, cleaners, cloths, adhesives, appliances, and flame extinguishers.
The chemical is also used in arsenic-containing drugs, including melarsoprol, which is prescribed to treat African trypanosomes.
Melamine has been used in fertilizers since 1958 and was occasionally used as a source of non-protein nitrogen to feed cows, which was later found to have no nutritional effect in ruminants due to its slow hydrolysis.
Melamine crystal is used in high performance products such as wood-based panels, laminates, veneers and molding powders. This material is used in the wood industry for transparency, beauty and increase the resistance of wood surfaces to heat.
This chemical is used to produce paint and in the paper industry to produce transparent, waterproof and anti-wrinkle paper. Melamine is used in the textile industry to produce waterproof, anti-wrinkle and increase the resistance of fabrics to washing, and in the leather industry to produce transparent, waterproof and durable leather. |
